Regenerative Strategies in Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injuries in Different Animal Models

BACKGROUND@#Peripheral nerve damage mainly resulted from traumatic or infectious causes; the main signs of a damaged nerve are the loss of sensory and/or motor functions. The injured nerve has limited regenerative capacity and is recovered by the body itself, the recovery process depends on the severity of damage to the nerve, nowadays the use of stem cells is one of the new and advanced methods for treatment of these problems.METHOD: Following our review, data are collected from different databases ‘‘Google scholar, Springer, Elsevier, Egyptian Knowledge Bank, and PubMed’’ using different keywords such as Peripheral nerve damage, Radial Nerve, Sciatic Nerve, Animals, Nerve regeneration, and Stem cell to investigate the different methods taken in consideration for regeneration of PNI.RESULT: This review contains tables illustrating all forms and types of regenerative medicine used in treatment of peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) including different types of stem cells ‘‘ adipose-derived stem cells, bone marrow stem cells, Human umbilical cord stem cells, embryonic stem cells’’ and their effect on re-constitution and functional recovery of the damaged nerve which evaluated by physical, histological, Immuno-histochemical, biochemical evaluation, and the review illuminated the best regenerative strategies help in rapid peripheral nerve regeneration in different animal models included horse, dog, cat, sheep, monkey, pig, mice and rat. @*CONCLUSION@#Old surgical attempts such as neurorrhaphy, autogenic nerve transplantation, and Schwann cell implantation have a limited power of recovery in cases of large nerve defects. Stem cell therapy including mesenchymal stromal cells has a high potential differentiation capacity to renew and form a new nerve and also restore its function.

Risk factors of hepatitis B virus infection in urban and rural areas of Qena governorate, Upper Egypt

Background: HBV infection is a significant health problem in Egypt which is categorized as an HB virus intermediate endemic area, with HB carrier rate ranging from 2%-7%. HBV infection is the 10[th] leading cause of death and HBV related hepatocellular carcinoma is the 5[th] most frequent cancer worldwide

Aims of the study: The present study aims to investigate the most important risk factors for transmission of HBV and HCV in urban and rural areas in Qena Governorate, Egypt

Patients and Methods: A matched case control study was conducted. The study included 600 patients, 100 HBV cases and 500 controls, aged above 20 years and below 70 years. Direct interview was done with each participant separately for filling the questionnaire during the period from January 2013 to January 2014. The collected data were reviewed, entered and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 19

Results: The mean age of cases and controls were 38.83 [ +/- 12.62] and 44.26 [ +/- 11.68] years respectively. Multivariate analysis shows that odds ratio of HBV infection is significantly higher among cases with some risk factors: injection by reused needle, sharing razors with others, dental procedures or oral surgery, blood transfusion and intravenous infusion and/or injection

Conclusion and Recommendations: The common risk factors exposures of hepatitis B infection included blood transfusion, dealing with patient blood, hospital admission, surgery, accidental stick with a blood contaminated needle, intravenous catheterization and dental procedures. There are statistically significant differences between HBV cases and their controls in the majority of these risk factors. The presence of these risk factors emphasizes the need for increasing the uptake of HB vaccine. Health care providers, health educators, and other community-based organizations must play an active role in counseling high-risk people

Cytotoxin associated gene A [CAG A] antigen carrying strains of helicobacter pylori and increased risk of acute myocardial infarction

The aim of work: is to study the possible association between Helicobacter pylori infection and increased risk of acute myocardial infarction. Subjects and Fifty patients were included in this study with acute myocardial infarction "AMI" admitted to the intensive care unit at cardiology department Tanta university hospital. All patients were subjected to clinical assessment, electro cardiography [E.C.G]. Echo cardiographic examination, and quantification of IgG antibodies to cytotoxin associated gene-A [Cag-A] in plasma samples using ELISA. H. pylori infection was significantly higher in patients with acute myocardial infarction [80.4%] than in controls [20%]. Also, infection with CagA bearing strains of H. pylori was significantly higher in AMI patients [64.7%] than in controls [10.0%]. H. pylori seropositive AMI patients showed positive CagA strains were significantly higher [64.7%] compared to infection with CagA negative strains [15.7%]. Helicobacter pylori, particularly CagA positive strains, significantly increase the risk of coronary heart disease, and is independent from the classical risk factors

Role of the doppler echocardiography in assessment of fluid status in chronic haemodialysis patients

The aim of this study is to examine the role of the Doppler echocardiographic parameters in the assessment of fluid status in these patients with chronic haemodialysis. Sixty subjects were included in this study. Group I Included 20 patients who had been on chronic haemodialysis 6 months at least and were normotensive without receiving anti-hypertensive agents.Group II: included 20 patients on chronic haemodialysis 6 months at least and remained hypertensive under anti-hypertensive agents. Group III: Included 20 subjects who are apparently normal without history of cardiac disease [con trol group]. The S/D [peak pulmonary vein systolic velocity [s] divided by peak pulmonary vein diastolic vlocity [D]] was significantly higher in group I [mean +/- SD = 1.886 +/- 0.214]. Then in group II [mean +/- SD = 1.123 +/- 0.169] with p-value <0.001. S/D ratio can be used as a good tool to assess the fluid status in chronic haemodialysis patients specially if combined with others as inferior vena cava diameter